SUIBOKUGA
Technique and Tools
三墨法：Sanboku Method (Three Ink Technique)
The Three Ink Technique, considered fundamental in ink painting, is a method that enables the creation of a gradation of three shades of ink in a single brushstroke. By using dark, medium, and light ink, this technique brings depth, contrast, and texture to the artwork. Skillfully combining these three densities of ink allows the artist to convey a rich variation of tones, capturing the subject’s three-dimensionality and atmosphere using only ink.
Suibokuga allows for a great variety of expressions depending on how each side of the brush is used and how the ink is applied. By manipulating the ink’s intensity, the blurring effect, dry strokes, drips, gradations, and the strength of the brush’s motion, various techniques are employed according to need, creating a world that is both simple and delicate.
Moreover, Suibokuga is a highly subjective form of painting. Even in figurative representation, the artwork is infused with the artist’s spirit. Rather than depicting the world exactly as it appears, the artist reconstructs the subject through their own interpretation and employs appropriate techniques to convey their emotions, thereby reflecting their imagination in the work.
To create such works in Suibokuga, not only skill but also specific tools are essential. Among them, the four fundamental elements are the brush, ink, inkstone, and paper. These high-quality tools are often referred to as the "Four Treasures of the Study" (「文房四宝」Bunbō shihō) due to their importance.
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「文房四宝」Bunbō shihō
墨
The ink
The ink is made of soot, glue (NIWAKA), and perfume. There are two main types of ink: pine soot ink (SHOEN-BOKU) and oil soot ink (YUEN-BOKU). The former is made by burning pine, while the latter is made by burning liquid oils such as rapeseed or sesame. Glue, which is of animal origin, serves as a binder. These ingredients are mixed and molded, then dried for more than six months. Pine soot ink is often used for Suibokuga.
硯
The ink stone
Used to grind ink, the inkstone is valued not only for its function, but also for its artistic and antique value. When preparing ink, it is important to grind slowly and without too much pressure to obtain fine particles, while calming the mind and reflecting on the composition of the work.
筆
The brush
Made from natural hair from various animals such as horse, weasel, deer, cat, rabbit or sheep, brushes vary in size and texture depending on the intended use.
紙
The paper
Two types of paper are used: Chinese paper and WASHI (Japanese paper). Chinese paper, with short fibers, retains brush marks and water well without too much diffusion. WASHI, with long fibers, allows for gradient and blurring techniques, and is renowned for the beauty of its ink nuances.
和紙
About WASHI
WASHI is a Japanese handmade paper whose main ingredients are
KOZO (paper mulberry),
MITSUMATA (Edgeworthia chrysantha) and
GAMPI (Diplomorpha sikokiana).
It is made by hand using the fibers from the bark of these trees. Due to the length and strength of these fibers, washi is very durable and suitable for long-term preservation (the oldest Japanese paper is over 1300 years old). However, due to the difficulty in obtaining raw materials and producing in large quantities, washi is often expensive.
In contrast, Western paper is made from wood pulp, which has shorter fibers and is therefore less durable. However, it is easy to produce in large quantities, making it inexpensive and less prone to fading.
RAKKAN-IN 落款印
The Signature Seal
RAKKAN-IN (落款印) is a traditional seal used in Japanese and Chinese painting, calligraphy and artwork to sign or authenticate creations.
Usage and Meaning
The RAKKAN-IN seal (a stamp with the artist's signature engraved on a stone)
Authentication and signature : The RAKKAN-IN is mainly used to sign the works and authenticate the author. It plays an essential role in ensuring the authenticity and reliability of the work, confirming the identity of the artist.
Aesthetic value : In addition to its practical function, the RAKKAN-IN has great aesthetic value. It is often engraved on special stones by specialized craftsmen, with complex, delicate and beautiful shapes. Adding the red color of the seal to the black and white world of an ink painting gives it a special meaning, thus reinforcing the balance and completeness of the work. The seal is therefore an integral part of the work itself.
Features
Shape and Size : Seals can vary in shape and size, often rectangular, square or oval. The size and shape are chosen based on the artwork and the artist's preferences.
Materials : Seals are usually made of stone, but can also be made of wood, ivory, or metal. Stone is often preferred for its durability and ease of engraving.
Engraving : The artist's name, pseudonym, or symbol is engraved in kanji characters or other forms of traditional writing. Engraving may be raised or intaglio, creating distinct marks when inked and applied to paper.
Special red ink : The RAKKAN-IN is used with a special ink called *inndei* (印泥), a pasty red ink. This ink is dense and durable, and by carefully applying the seal to the paper, it leaves a clean and clear imprint.
Cultural Importance
The RAKKAN-IN is deeply rooted in the cultural and artistic traditions of East Asia. It not only serves to identify and authenticate the artist, but also adds a cultural and aesthetic dimension to the work. By using a RAKKAN-IN, the artist embraces a centuries-old tradition while adding a personal touch to his or her work.
The RAKKAN-IN is therefore much more than just a signature tool; it is a statement of artistic identity and an integral part of cultural heritage.
